Political relations
 
Mongolia has established the diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Belgium in 1971. Mongolia set up its Embassy in Brussels in 1992. The Embassy of the Kingdom of Belgium in Beijing is accredited to Mongolia.
 
High level visits
 

• Prime Minister of Mongolia D.Byambasuren to Belgium in 1992
• Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia N.Enebish to Belgium in 1994
• President of Mongolia P.Ochirbat to Belgium in 1995
• Minister of Health and Social Security of Mongolia S.Sonin to Belgium in 1999
• Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia N.Tuya to Belgium in February 2000
• Minister of Defense of Mongolia J.Gurragchaa to Belgium in March 2002
• Chairman of Great State Khural of Mongolia S.Tumur-Ochir to Belgium in October 2002
• Minister of Defense H.E. Andre Flahout and Chief of Defense of the Belgian Armed Forces Admiral Herteler to Mongolia in 2002 
• Chief of the General Staff of Mongolian Armed forces Major General Ts.Togoo to Belgium in 2004
• Chief of Defense of the Belgian Armed Forces General August Van Daele to Mongolia in August 2005
• Chairman of the House of Representatives of Belgian parliament De Kroo to Mongolia in July 2004
• Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Belgium D.Reynders to Mongolia in August 2004
• Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia Ch.Ulaan to Belgium in March 2005
• Prime Minister of Mongolia TS.Elbegdorj to Kingdom of Belgium in June 2005

 
Inter-governmental agreements and conventions 
 
- Agreement on the reciprocal promotion and protection of investments between Mongolia and Benelux economic union /1992 /
- Convention for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and prevention of fiscal evasion /1995/
- Agreement on cooperation in the field of defence /2002/
 
Economic relations
 
In 2006 the trade turnover between Mongolia and Belgium was 3, 874 million USD /export - 971, 3 thousand USD and import – 2, 903 million USD/.
 
Since 1991 7 Belgian companies invested total 2, 745 million USD to Mongolia. This is 0, 2 % of all foreign investments to Mongolia. 320, 6 thousand USD were invested in mining exploration sector, 123, 6 thousand USD in food industry and 20 thousand USD in gastronomy.
 
Although Belgian side confirmed officially its interest to collaborate with Mongolia in the field of infrastructure, including use of solar electricity, mining, carpet industry and communication technology during the official talks and meetings, implementation of projects and investment is not sufficient so far.
 
Asia is not the priority of Belgian foreign policy and Mongolia is not part of Belgian development assistance. But in recent years Belgium has been an observer to donor countries meetings of Mongolia and provided scholarship for short-term training or master degree studies for Mongolian citizens in fields of water management, administration, urban development, textile industry and medicine.
 
During his visit to Mongolia in August 2004 Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Belgium D.Reynders discussed the financing of “Strengthening the Eastern Regional Diagnostic and Treatment Center” project with 4, 5 million USD concessionary loans from Belgium. The project was financed and implemented.
 
Belgian side provided technical assistance and pre-deployment training to two rotations of Mongolian soldiers to participate in the peace keeping mission in Kosovo with Belgian and Luxembourg platoons.

Mongolia-Belgium defense cooperation
 
Mongolia and the Kingdom of Belgium established formal defense relations by accrediting Defense attaches to both capitals  in 1998.
 
Since then the cooperation developed in various areas as exchange of high level delegations, organizing joint exercises, military training, participation in international and coalition operations.
 
Mongolian Defense Minister and the Chief of the General staff visited Belgium with official visits in 2002 and 2004, Belgian Defense Minister and CHODs visited Mongolia in 2002 and 2005 respectively. The two Ministries of Defense signed an agreement on defense cooperation in 2004.
 
Belgium is the first western country Mongolian Armed forces had a bilateral peacekeeping  exercise in 2003. 
 
Belgium actively supports Mongolian Armed Forces transformation by providing assistance and also helps to augment its peacekeeping capabilities by jointly participating in coalition missions. In 2005-2007 Mongolia sent two platoons under Belgian command to NATO led KFOR mission and presently plans to deploy a small contingent together with Belgium and Luxembourg for the base protection at Kabul International Airport.
 
In May 2010 the Chief of the General Staff of the Mongolian Armed forces Lieutenant General Ts.Byambajav met with the Belgian CHOD General Charles-Henry Delcour in Brussels to discuss issues of bilateral cooperation. 

 
Cultural relations
 
Even though there is no cultural agreement between the two countries so far, small number of cultural exchange has been done, particularly in organizing cultural exhibitions and Mongolian folk music concerts in Belgium.
 
Mongolia-Belgium and Belgium-Mongolia Cultural Associations have been created in 1991.